Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) is a speech condition that occurs when the soft palate and throat are unable to create a seal while speaking. This causes nasal speech that can make the speaker ...

The soft palate and side and back walls of your throat together form a gateway called the velopharyngeal valve. If this valve doesn’t work properly, it can create changes in speech. There are ...

The primary outcome was velopharyngeal insufficiency at 5 years of age, defined as a velopharyngeal composite summary score of at least 4 (scores range from 0 to 6, with higher scores indicating ...

Dr. Kotlarek specializes in velopharyngeal anatomy and physiology and craniofacial disorders. Her research integrates magnetic resonance imaging and measures of speech production to characterize ...

Dr. Jones's primary research interests include the physiology of velopharyngeal function and velopharyngeal dysfunction and the production-perception of normal and disordered nasalization. These areas ...