Batters, pitchers and catchers can challenge a home plate umpire’s ball or strike call. Powered by Hawk-Eye ball-tracking technology, the automated ball-strike system replays the pitch trajectory to ...

Arthur Daemmrich receives funding from the National Science Foundation and The Lemelson Foundation. For the research underlying this article, Eric S. Hintz and the Smithsonian Institution received ...

(The Conversation is an independent and nonprofit source of news, analysis and commentary from academic experts.) Arthur Daemmrich, Arizona State University and Eric S. Hintz, Smithsonian ...