Fatty infiltration of the levator muscle has been studied widely as a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of congenital, acquired and involutional ptosis. In 1986, Cahill and colleagues first ...

Horizontal laxity is a key component of involutional ectropion, which is the most common type. In involutional retraction, there is horizontal laxity as well as midface descent, intact ...

Historically, it was believed that menopause-aged women were prone to a condition referred to as involutional melancholia, a depressive state characterized by agitation, sleeplessness, guilt ...