The Earth's interior is composed of four layers, three solid and one liquid—not magma but molten metal, nearly as hot as the surface of the sun. The deepest layer is a solid iron ball, about ...

A study led by The University of Western Australia has revealed new insights into the landscape profile of the Avon River ...

Brown earth soils are widespread in Britain ... The original vegetation was deciduous forest, resulting in a layer of decaying leaves giving a rich humus. The deep roots of these trees reached ...

Burrowing under soil opens up a whole new world, especially when that soil is on other planets. Getting under the top layer ...

The layer acts as a skin for the Earth, protecting landscapes and reducing ... Biocrust, also called cryptobiotic soil, is a "community of tiny, dirt-dwelling organisms that form a distinct ...