To sketch the graph of a polar equation a good first step is to sketch the graph in the Cartesian coordinate system. This will give a way to visualize how r changes with θ. The information about how r ...

Cosine and sine of an angle θ are defined to be the x and y-coordinates of the point P on the unit circle with the property that the line from O to P makes and angle θ with the positve x-axis. cos(θ) ...