using atomic force microscopy (AFM). An atomic force microscope uses a cantilever with a sharp tip to scan the topology of a surface. In noncontact mode, the cantilever is oscillated at a specific ...

Scientists used atomic force microscopy (AFM) with deep neural networks and ... database exists that correlates sequence with 3D topology. Successful protein-centric methods like AlphaFold remain ...

Whereas technological developments in microscopy 1,2 have facilitated the detailed characterization and visualization of large macromolecular assemblies, AFM-generated surface topology maps can ...