“It has been shown that TLR4 [Toll-like receptor 4] could be involved in brain ischemia injury. It is highly possible that an endogenous ligand from the injured brain activates TLR4 of the ...

Activated monocytes and granulocytes are key to inflammatory diseases and release the alarmin S100A8/A9 in high concentrations, promoting sterile as well as infectious inflammatory processes via TLR4 ...