During development, stem and progenitor cells gradually commit to differentiation pathways ... Among these factors, the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family is important in both lineage ...

Subsequently, KRAS/BRAF activates the Notch pathway or TGFb/BMP pathway through the MEK/ERK pathway, thereby affecting endothelial cell function. It is worth noting that these mutated endothelial ...

These processes are regulated by the cytokines TGF-β and BMP-7, chemokines, colony-stimulating factors, metalloproteinases and numerous trapping proteins. They offer innovative diagnostic and ...

Further, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-b signaling pathways have been implicated in the regulation of RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation. In the ...

Most important, the composition of (myo-)fibroblasts may vary with the etiology of fibrosis, e.g., primary biliary cirrhosis might activate a pathogenetic pathway ... BMP-7 TGF-β antagonist ...

Cibotercept is designed to bind to and inhibit the signaling of TGF-β ligands that stimulate ... the signaling of bone morphogenic protein (“BMP”) pathways through this inhibition of activin ...

Cibotercept is designed to bind to and inhibit the signaling of TGF-β ligands that stimulate ... signaling of bone morphogenic protein (“BMP”) pathways through this inhibition of activin ...