The evaluation of diabetic nephropathy from research and clinical ... below 1,500 mg/24 h for at least 6 months—with stable serum creatinine levels. 59 In a 2-year extension of the study ...

The basis for the prevention of diabetic nephropathy is the treatment ... [156] The targets were to achieve blood pressure levels <130/80 mmHg, fasting serum cholesterol <175 mg/dl, fasting ...

Bilirubin, a potent endogenous antioxidant, was found to protect against the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN ... of confirmed doubling of serum creatinine or ESRD. Bilirubin was inversely ...

Drugs that interfere with the renin–angiotensin system can provide renoprotection in patients with diabetic nephropathy ... urinary protein:creatinine and urinary albumin:creatinine ratios ...

Creatinine is a byproduct of muscle metabolism and serves as a key indicator of kidney function. Elevated serum ... damage the blood vessels in the kidneys, leading to diabetic nephropathy ...