Increased preload and an inability of the heart to accept or eject the increased blood volume efficiently result in systemic or pulmonary congestion (or both). Peripheral hypoperfusion and ...

pulmonary congestion or pulmonary edema. As HF progresses, chronic elevation of pulmonary pressures lead to the development of right ventricular failure. The negative feedback mechanisms outline ...

Obesity may hamper accurate clinical assessment of congestion (inability to identify ... measured central venous pressure (CVP) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, while such worsening was ...