Primitive life is arduous and exhausting, especially when working hard to upgrade the living accommodations from a simple survival shelter to eventually a comfortable adobe hut.

This is a book that would have annoyed Rousseau; probably he would have accused the writer of bias, and of seeing modern civilized evils in the simple life of primitive man. For Under the Mountain ...

But these orbs aren't alive. The uncanny resemblance reflects the fact that these ersatz sacs may passably mimic the wrappings of primitive life: cell membranes. But infusing in them the real "stuff" ...

Such bubbles, called liposomes, likely were present on the early Earth and could have engulfed other molecules to form the first primitive life. In the past decade, scientists have coaxed ...

It records a critical milestone in Earth's history, when the atmosphere was changing rapidly and atmospheric oxygen was increasing - a key indication that primitive life on Earth was blooming.' More ...