The addition of the value \(a\) represents a vertical translation in the graph. If \(a\) is positive, the graph translates upwards. If \(a\) is negative, the graph translates downwards.

The addition of the value \(a\) represents a vertical translation in the graph. If \(a\) is positive, the graph translates upwards. If \(a\) is negative, the graph translates downwards.