Two-photon excitation (TPE) microscopy enables imaging of living tissues up to a depth of one millimeter, which is 6 to 10-fold deeper than with confocal microscopy. Like confocal microscopy, TPE ...

The synergy of phosphorescence quenching with two-photon microscopy 22 is natural ... confinement and a reduced risk of photodamage, should allow pO 2 measurements deeper in the brain with high ...

it is difficult to limit photodamage to living tissues, and also difficult to simultaneously achieve wide FOV and high (cell level) spatial resolution. 2. Development of a two-photon excitation ...

Nonlinear techniques have given researchers some freedom to get around this problem, and in ingenious ways. An example is the 2023 project at France's École Polytechnique studying how two-photon ...