How do you distinguish a pericardial knock from an S3 heart sound? A pericardial knock can be present in patients with constrictive pericarditis as the early filling of the left ventricle is ...

Pericardial knock: A pericardial knock can be present in patients with constrictive pericarditis, as the early filling of the LV is limited from the constrictive process. The knock occurs earlier ...

The cardiothoracic ratio is generally normal, but may be increased due to concomitant pericardial effusion. Pericardial calcification, a sign of chronicity, may be observed in chronic CP ...

Patients may also have characteristic symptoms/signs of acute pericarditis like fever, pleuritic chest pain, pericardial rub, cough and fatigue. In chronic constrictive pericarditis, the cause of ...