Ernest Gale in Cambridge, England, who was working on the penicillin mechanism, was an obvious choice to work for, but his lab was already full. At the urging of Oliver Lowry, the head of my new ...

Antibiotics are chemicals produced by fungi that kill or prevent the growth of bacteria. Penicillin was the first antibiotic to be discovered. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections ...

Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance Bacteria employ a variety of strategies to modify a bacterial component or process so that antibiotics can no longer stop their growth or kill them. One means is to ...

Antibiotics are chemicals produced by fungi that kill or prevent the growth of bacteria. Penicillin was the first antibiotic to be discovered. In the 1940s, two scientists, Florey and Chain, were ...

By exploring these principles, we can pave the way for designing future generations of antibiotics with a reduced risk of resistance. In this work, we delve into these mechanisms, offering a ...