The evolution of a disease resulting in functional changes in your body is known as pathophysiology. To understand COPD’s pathophysiology, it’s important to understand the structure of the ...

The current pathophysiology of COPD encompasses three main characteristics: emphysema, chronic bronchitis and small airway disease. Macrophages and neutrophils are implicated in this process ...

The air sacs relax and deflate when you exhale, moving air out of the lungs. COPD causes the airways to become narrowed, and less air flows in and out, making breathing difficult. This can occur ...

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) represents a complex disease with multifaceted pathophysiology involving over 20 identified genetic mutations that can contribute to disease development.

Sly Stone died after a prolonged battle with COPD, a lung condition that can be debilitating. Here's what doctors want you to ...

Keep reading to learn more about the types and causes of COPD and how doctors diagnose and treat them. Bronchitis occurs when the larger airways, or bronchi, in your lungs become swollen and inflamed.

The main cause of COPD is smoking, but you don’t have to be a smoker to get it. Other things can lead to this condition, which leaves you feeling short of breath. Learn more about what causes it ...

Inflammation causes fibrosis in the airways and loss ... The subgroup of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with two or more exacerbations annually is accordingly considered to have ...