Dyspnea (shortness of breath regardless of position or activity) and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) (shortness of breath that awakens a person from sleep) are additional symptoms of heart ...

Two years later progressively severe dyspnea and orthopnea began to develop, and 1 year before operation, atrial fibrillation, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and hemoptysis ensued. Physical ...

the fluid redistributes centrally causing pulmonary edema resulting in orthopnea (dyspnea while laying flat) or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND). Hepatic congestion can occur causing right upper ...

When the legs are elevated at night, the fluid redistributes centrally causing pulmonary edema resulting in orthopnea (dyspnea while laying flat) or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND). Hepatic ...