在人类胚胎发育第7-8周，颅神经嵴细胞定位至颌面，形成"下颌发育基石"的梅克尔（Meckel’s）软骨，传统观念认为,梅克尔软骨仅是下颌成骨的"临时支架"，但作为贯穿下颌骨发育的重要结构，梅克尔软骨在发育各阶段的基因表达特征及其与成骨细胞间的动态互作 ...

This graphic illustrates paracrine adhesion signaling on small extracellular vesicles, which secretes a protein called galectin-3, which promotes endocytosis so the vesicle can be absorbed into ...

This graphic illustrates paracrine adhesion signaling on small extracellular vesicles, which secretes a protein called galectin-3, which promotes endocytosis so the vesicle can be absorbed into ...

More information: Koichiro M. Hirosawa et al, Uptake of small extracellular vesicles by recipient cells is facilitated by paracrine adhesion signaling, Nature Communications (2025). DOI: 10.1038 ...

leading us to hypothesize that these normal parasites release helpful supporting molecules—an effect known as paracrine ...