The Paris Patrie contains the following: "The Piedmontese have not yet entered the Papal States. The reports concerning the revolutionary movements in the Marches and Umbria are exaggerated." ...

Pope Pius IX, the last of the popes with temporal power over the Papal States, continued a smallpox vaccination campaign begun by Pope Pius VII and offered a small financial reward to those who ...

How the Papacy established itself in Rome, how it grew into the large and powerful Papal States, and how it transformed itself into the Vatican State we know today. Follow me on Twitter ...

Until 1870, Italy was made up of a jumble of kingdoms, duchies, city-states, republics and the militarily powerful Papal States, a large swathe of territory running from the Mediterranean to the ...