Pope Pius IX, the last of the popes with temporal power over the Papal States. (Credit: CNS.) Listen ROME — When popes were king, they ordered all their subjects in the Papal States to be ...

How the Papacy established itself in Rome, how it grew into the large and powerful Papal States, and how it transformed itself into the Vatican State we know today. Follow me on Twitter ...

The Paris Patrie contains the following: "The Piedmontese have not yet entered the Papal States. The reports concerning the revolutionary movements in the Marches and Umbria are exaggerated." ...