1a). Such autonomous 'pacemaking' activity is seen in many types of neuron and requires ion channels that can open at membrane potentials lower than the threshold for firing action potentials.

Figure 1: Calcium influx through L-type calcium channels during pacemaking increases mitochondrial oxidant stress in SNc dopaminergic neurons. Superoxide generation is known to trigger the opening ...

“Was there an internal cycling of the expression levels of these key proteins and ion channels that underpinned pacemaking in the heart? So that’s where we started looking.” Mice exhibit a ...

This requires a small surgical incision to make a pocket for the pacemaking generator. And there's a pacemaking wire that is inserted into the big vein underneath your collarbone called the ...

“These neurons are pacemakers that continuously fire action potentials regardless of excitatory inputs from other neurons,” he adds. “Their pacemaking property is very important to their function and ...

"Their pacemaking property is very important to their function and underlies their vulnerability in Parkinson's disease." "This exciting breakthrough is a critical step forward in efforts to ...