This was followed by episodes of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and orthopnea requiring three pillows for relief. When her physician found her to be anemic, she began taking iron and liver pills and ...

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea ... PND, as well as simple orthopnea, may be relieved by sitting upright at the side of the bed with legs dangling, as symptoms ...

Mild lower extremity edema, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and orthopnea are present. No chest pain has occurred. He is not taking any medications. His temperature is 37.0, blood pressure 80/40 ...

When the legs are elevated at night, the fluid redistributes centrally causing pulmonary edema resulting in orthopnea (dyspnea while laying flat) or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND). Hepatic ...