Exceptional points (EPs) are unique types of energy-level degeneracies that occur in non-Hermitian systems. Since their ...

On watching this video, students should be able to: Distinguish between an observational and experimental study. Explain the main reason why a randomised experiment can if done well, be used as a test ...

as well as nonignorable treatment assignment in observational studies. To analyse these research designs, the methods covered include experiments, matching, instrumental variables, ...

Using the potential outcomes framework of causality, topics covered include research designs such as randomized experiments and observational studies ... and regression discontinuity. Examples are ...