Randomly positioned in parallel, nematic LCs react ... refraction effect of a solid crystal when heat was applied. By 1907, Germany-based Merck was selling "liquid and flowing crystal" chemicals.

Additionally, the liquid crystal used in the reaction exhibited properties of the twisted-bend nematic phase -- a recently discovered phase that has been attracting considerable attention in ...

and is twisted by a liquid crystal material. The first successful LCDs used two types of liquid crystals – chiral and nematic. By combining these two types of molecules in the right proportion ...