The double membrane enclosures of mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar to certain modern-day prokaryotes and are thought to reflect these organelles' evolutionary origins.

Previous mouse studies have shown that, when conditions in cells are normal, removing, or “knocking out,” any one of the ...

The next step, according to Chinnery, is working out how these insertions happen. One possibility is that the DNA somehow maneuvers its way through the mitochondrial double membrane. Alternatively, ...

OMA1 is a mitochondrial inner membrane protease that inhibits fusion ... including single, double, and triple knockouts. Systemic homozygous double knockouts of Parkin and OMA1 exhibited small ...