returning to such a map. The decades of peace and prosperity, from the 1950s to 2009, when the European Union’s debt crisis began, made the political and economic contours of the continent look ...

The decades when we thought of Europe as stable, predictable and dull are over. The continent’s map is becoming medieval again, if not yet in its boundaries then at least in its political ...

In contrast, robust political institutions and a steady rule ... These habits reinforced family ties, but made people wary of outsiders. In Europe this started to change around 500AD, when the ...

an age of utter political chaos, when swords and daggers ruled, and masculinity and physical strength mattered more than governance. Medieval Europe may have been violent, and its standards for ...

A time of innovation, philosophy, and legendary works of art: the realities of the medieval period (500 to 1500 C.E.) in Europe may surprise you. Many know the years before the Renaissance and ...

It takes an effort of the imagination to connect with medieval Europe. In the thousand years ... as religious and political institutions, Roman Catholicism and the papacy were dynamic ...

The Independent is trusted by Americans across the entire political ... Murder Maps. While Oxford in late medieval England was one of the most significant centres of learning in Europe, with ...