In this extract from the new book "Beautiful Experiments ... that refraction is then all there is to it. The colors themselves are already in the white light, and all the prism does is to separate ...

researchers built upon experiments from 1953 when American chemists Stanley Miller and Harold Urey concocted a gas mixture mimicking the atmosphere of ancient Earth. Miller and Urey combined ...

This separation is called refraction ... Earth's oceans used to be green — and could one day turn purple, scientists say Earth's atmosphere, with its varying density of gases, can refract light ...