In the research arena, it will now be possible to measure the contribution of base stacking to fidelity in the absence of hydrogen bonding ... encode an unnatural amino acid into a protein.

Charged amino acid side chains can form ionic bonds, and polar amino acids are capable of forming hydrogen bonds. Hydrophobic side chains interact with each other via weak van der Waals interactions.

The sequence of amino acids in a protein, known as its primary structure, determines its unique three-dimensional shape and function. Proteins can further fold and assemble into complex structures, ...

By converting their data into sounds, scientists discovered how hydrogen bonds contribute to the lightning-fast gyrations that transform a string of amino acids into a functional, folded protein.

In this type of pairing, adenine (A) forms two hydrogen bonds with thymine (T) in DNA or uracil (U ... The sequence of base pairs in DNA determines the genetic code, which is read in triplets (codons) ...

Free RNA nucleotides form hydrogen bonds with the exposed DNA strand nucleotides ... Peptide bonds form between the adjacent amino acids to finalise the structure.

Peptides are short strands of amino acids that are increasingly used ... shares a double bond with an oxygen atom, a single ...