Plasmids naturally exist in bacterial cells, and they also occur in some eukaryotes. Often, the genes carried in plasmids provide bacteria with genetic advantages, such as antibiotic resistance.

One of these mechanisms involves plasmids, small DNA molecules in bacterial cells, which have their own independent genome and carry antibiotic resistance. If we can work out the roles plasmids ...

One of the most important medical advancements in the 20 th century was the discovery of antibiotics. The first antibiotic was introduced in 1910 and radically changed modern medicine, according to ...