This expansion exerts force on the interior of the pipe, valves, hose bib, and any accessories, like hoses or spray nozzles. When the force is too great, the pipes and plumbing fixtures can crack ...

The laminar nozzle shown in the picture above is built with 800 drinking straws all placed in parallel inside a 4″ PVC pipe. The water input is a 3/4″ garden hose adapter, perpendicular to ...