Computational models are mathematical models that are simulated using computation to study complex systems. In biology, one example is the use of a computational model to study an outbreak of an ...

For example, chaotic models (deterministic and nonstochastic, yet unpredictable) are also possible using computational formalisms (e.g., those in Box 3). Of course, mathematical models can also be ...

An example of a hierarchy of computational models is in Figure 1, which shows the intermediate scales: atomistic models, dislocations, micromechanics and macromechanics. Meshfree methods are being ...