Wave acceleration requires a seed population of keV electrons to excite the waves, but there is plentiful evidence that this can be supplied from the outer regions by induced electric fields as a ...

The acceleration of charged particles to ultra ... Electrons trapped in the bubble experience an extremely large electric field that increases towards the back of the bubble structure.

The researchers managed to decouple these processes, finding that electric field effects could significantly accelerate proton transmission while independently driving hydrogenation. This selective ...