New observations and simulations capture the physics at play across each of the three main ionospheric regions.

An active region of the Sun, known as sunspot 4114, has just produced an X1.9-class flare. This event, which occurred on June 19, had an impact on Earth and our communications. X-class solar ...

NASA's GOLD mission made a surprising discovery. It observed X-shaped patterns in the ionosphere. These patterns occurred ...

When a massive star explodes in a brilliant flash called a supernova, it sends out a wave of high-energy particles into space ...

To figure out how future launches could affect the ozone layer, we first built a database of ozone-depleting chemicals emitted by rockets currently in use. We then fed this database into a model of ...