A similar process was applied to the identification ... studies as well as gene expression profiling methods such as DNA microarrays and proteomics. DNA microarrays can be used for both genotyping ...

Today, these methods have been largely replaced by genotypic ones, such as DNA sequencing and PCR analysis, which provide greater discrimination and precision. Microarrays have taken the process a ...

called complementary DNA (cDNA), is then applied to the microarray. The cDNA binds to complementary base pairs in each of the spots on the array, a process known as hybridization. Based on how the ...