Edwin Hubble’s photo; Martellus’ world map; Copernicus’ diagram of the solar system. Edwin Hubble’s photo that provided the first clue in calculating the size of the universe; the Apollo ...

Thomas Digges (1546-1595) translated Copernicus’ ideas into English and added a few ideas of his own. This diagram offers a hint at one of those ideas: that the star field was not a fixed shell ...

Let me add a bit of detail to the explanation and to the diagrams that Weinberg gives there. Copernicus's system did not offer any significant improvement over the accuracy of the Ptolemaic ...