Investigations Physical examination, contrast-enhanced CT of the chest, Doppler ultrasonography of the upper extremities, venography, coagulation studies, echocardiography. Diagnosis Superior vena ...

A venogram is a test that lets your doctor see your veins on an X-ray. Veins typically cannot be seen on a normal X-ray. This test involves the injection of a liquid called contrast dye.

Contrast medium injected into the distal catheter demonstrates the incompetent superficial system (Fig. 3). Of the 13 cases treated surgically on the basis of the guidance provided by venography ...

A venogram is a test done by injecting contrast dye into your veins. After the dye is in your veins, your doctor will use a type of X-ray testing called a fluoroscopy to image your veins ...

It is less accurate for calf or iliac vein thrombosis. In contrast venography, or a venogram, doctors inject a contrast dye through a catheter into a large vein. This dye aids in visualizing the ...

Venography can be most useful if the configuration ... The renal bloodstream, devoid of the contrast medium, produces a short, smooth, biconcave deformity in the caval density at the level of ...

2 but particular attention must be paid to patients taking metformin who are scheduled to undergo contrast-enhanced examination (e.g., enhanced computed tomography [CT], angiography, venography).3 ...