Masic et al. found evidence of calcite-filled cracks in other samples of Roman concrete, supporting their hypothesis. They also created concrete samples in the lab with a hot mixing process ...

When the concrete cracks, air and moisture trigger the bacteria to begin munching on the calcium lactate. They convert the calcium lactate to calcite, an ingredient in limestone, thus sealing off ...

The developed high-speed three-dimensional scanning force microscopy enabled the measurement ... 3D hydration structures around the moving step edges of calcite (CaCO 3) during its dissolution ...