The emission of beta radiation provides evidence that neutrons and protons are made up of quarks. Beta (\(\beta^-\)) decay is the release of an electron by the change of a neutron to a proton.

They consist of 2 protons and 2 neutrons; hence have a 2+ charge. A few centimeters of air will stop them. Alpha radiation consists of helium nuclei, \(_2^4He_{}^{2 + }\) A beta particle is an ...

Usually, an antiparticle has the opposite charge to its particle equivalent ... Electron antineutrinos are emitted during ...