The two barium ion clouds (violet) and the green neutral barium cloud from the second release as viewed from the aircraft. Credit: Physics of Plasmas (2024). DOI: 10.1063/5.0228435 ...

Studies have shown that these fluxes increase with higher barium concentrations, suggesting that barite recrystallization occurs through a process of ion-by-ion addition and removal rather than ...

Carbonate ions also produce a white precipitate with barium chloride solution. The acid reacts with any carbonate ions present. This removes them, so stopping them giving a false positive result.