and allowed to compete for hybridization sites on either metaphase chromosomes (left) or an array of BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome) clones that represent thousands of small DNA segments ...

There are two types of transformation: natural and artificial. But where does ... may then recombine with similar regions on the bacterial chromosome and become incorporated into the bacterium's ...

and artificial chromosome technology is already well advanced for the smaller, simpler chromosomes of lower organisms such as ...