The Black-Scholes model is a mathematical equation ... and strike price based on certain assumptions about the behavior of asset prices, It does so by subtracting the net present value (NPV ...

van der Beck, Philippe. "On the Estimation of Demand-Based Asset Pricing Models." Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series, No. 22-67, May 2022.

Merton, Robert C. "A Reexamination of the Capital Asset Pricing Model." In Studies in Risk and Return, edited by J. Bicksler and I. Friend. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Publishing Company, 1977.

residual income model, and asset-based model. Relative valuation models operate by comparing the company in question to other similar companies. These methods involve calculating multiples and ...