Bovine immunoglobulins, particularly those with ultralong complementarity-determining regions (ulCDRs), represent a unique area of study in antibody diversity and engineering. These antibodies are ...

and J Germline Genes into a Functional Antibody (Market and F. Nina Papavasiliou, PLos Biology 1:24-27 Figure 2. Map of the 1Mb human Immunoglobulin heavy chain locus (IgH) showing the high density of ...

Existing monoclonal antibody development technologies, such as hybridoma technology, suffer from a loss of diversity due to cell fusion efficiency, and phage display technology creates antibodies ...