The reduction in temperature produced no changes in heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume or central venous pressure, either at rest or during exercise (Table 1). Angina occurred in one ...

Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London SE1 7EH, UK; mike.marber{at}kcl.ac.uk The phenomenon of warm-up angina was first noted over 200 years ago. It describes the curious observation whereby exercise-induced ...

Most research on exercise and cardiovascular disease has examined aerobic exercise, which consequently is the emphasis of this review. Figure 1. Time to angina during exercise with trained and ...

The Duke Treadmill Score is calculated as below: DTS = Exercise time (minutes) - (5 x ST deviation in mm) - (4 x angina index) The exercise time is based on using the standard Bruce protocol.

It's also known as Prinzmetal angina, variant angina or coronary artery spasm. People experiencing vasospastic angina do not typically have episodes of angina during exercise. If you have coronary ...

Stable angina causes symptoms that develop during physical exertion, such as during exercise or when climbing the stairs. Emotional stress can also trigger symptoms, and some people may experience ...

The main outcome measurements were changes in total exercise time (TET), time to onset of angina symptoms (Tsym) and time to ST depression (TST) on the exercise treadmill test using the Bruce protocol ...

Objective: To assess the clinical efficacy, safety and effects on quality of life of trimetazidine modified release (MR) in patients with stable angina. Methods: This large, open-label ...